The Complete DIY Guide to Building a Deck From Scratch

Q: How much does it cost to build a 10x12 deck?

A basic 10x12 foot wood deck typically costs $1,200-$4,000 in DIY materials. With professional installation, expect to pay $6,000-$15,000 depending on materials and local labor costs.

Table of Contents

If you’re looking to add some functional outdoor living space to your home, building a deck is a great option. With the right planning and skills, you can create a gorgeous and durable deck from scratch. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the entire process, from developing a design plan to the final construction steps. I’ll share important considerations, pro tips, and resources to make your DIY deck build a success. Let’s get started!

Developing Your Deck Plan

The first step is to decide on the deck’s purpose, layout, size, and features. Here are some key factors to consider:

Deck Purpose and Use

How will you use the deck? Dining, relaxing, entertaining? This will inform the size and layout.
Consider easy access from interior rooms like the kitchen or living room.

Deck Size and Layout

Measure your yard and use graph paper to sketch ideas for shape and traffic flow.
Most decks are 10-20 feet deep and 12-25 feet wide. Make sure to allow room for stairs.
Consider existing trees and landscaping you want to preserve.

Deck Height, Railings, and Stairs

-Decking should be no more than 30 inches above ground. Any higher requires railings by code. -Stairs are needed for decks 30+ inches high. Stairs require railings if there are 3+ risers.

Special Features

Built-in benches, planter boxes, lighting, pergola, and other upgrades. Decide early so you can account for costs.

Materials and Cost

Wood vs. composite decking, natural stone vs. concrete, and other choices will affect budget. Get quotes.
Many factors affect cost, but budget $15-50 per square foot for DIY labor and materials.

Obtaining Permits and Zoning Approval

Before you finalize plans and buy materials, be sure to check with your local zoning office about permits and codes for decks. Key items to ask about:

Choosing Your Decking Materials

You’ll need to decide on the primary materials for the deck flooring, posts, beams, and other elements. Here are some top options to consider:

Deck Boards

Pressure-treated wood – Classic choice, affordable. Seal against moisture.
Cedar, redwood – Naturally rot-resistant woods. Require sealing.
Composite – Durability, low maintenance. Higher upfront cost.

Deck Posts, Beams, and Joists

Pressure-treated pine and fir – Common choice, available in many sizes.
Cedar – Naturally rot-resistant, attractive appearance.
Metal post anchors – Promote structural integrity at post-beam connections.

Railings and Stairs

Pressure-treated wood – Simple, affordable, easy to customize design.
Metal – Wrought iron, cable, or aluminum. Long-lasting, minimal maintenance.
Composite – Durability and customization of wood with less maintenance.

Make final choices based on budget, appearance, and maintenance preferences. Consult local building codes for requirements in your area. For example, some locations require naturally rot-resistant woods or metal fasteners.

Gathering Your Tools and Hardware

Having the right tools for the job will make your deck build go faster and smoother. Essential tools include:

Circular or miter saw for cutting deck boards, rails, etc
Drill/driver and various drill bits for driving screws
Level, tape measure, framing square for layout
Hammer for nailing
Pry bar, chisel, and other pry tools
Safety equipment – gloves, goggles, hearing protection

For hardware, you’ll need:

Galvanized deck screws, 3 and 4 inch
Lag screws and washers for ledger board
Joist hangers for deck support
Flashing tape for moisture protection

Investing in quality tools and hardware boosts your efficiency, safety, and end results. Don’t skimp here!

Prepping the Site

Before building, you need to prepare the installation site. Key steps include:

Mark deck footprint and layout. Use spraypaint or stakes.
Remove sod or plants from the deck area.
Dig footing holes for posts to proper depth based on local code (often 3+ feet).
Level and tamp down soil to create a flat, compacted base.

Proper site prep prevents structural issues down the road.

Constructing the Footings and Framing

Now it’s time for construction! I’ll walk through key steps, but get a detailed deck framing guide for your exact plans.

Set metal post anchors in concrete footing holes. Allow concrete to cure fully.
Attach beams to tops of posts with lag screws.
Mark joist locations on ledger board and secure with joist hangers.
Install floor joists using hangers. Measure carefully so joists are square.
Add blocking between joists and diagonal bracing for stability.
Double check framing is level, square, and follows code requirements.

Safety tip: Temporary railings are required once framing is 36+ inches above ground.

Proper framing and structural connections are crucial to safety and durability. Take it slow and double check your plans.

Adding the Decking Surface

Once framing and railings are complete, it’s time to install the surface deck boards. Here are some best practices:

Allow 1/4 inch spacing between boards for drainage.
Use grooved decking or add joist spacing clips for consistent gapping.
Stagger end joints between rows and make sure board ends meet over joists.
Use hidden fasteners or two screws per board close to edges. Predrill holes.
Follow all manufacturer instructions for composite decking installation.

Proper gapping, spacing, and fastening prevents buckling and heaving over time.

Applying Finishing Touches

You’re in the home stretch! Finish up your deck with these final touches:

Install railing spindles and post caps.
Caulk and seal all joints, gaps, and screw holes. Look for light penetration.
Cover side edges of deck with trim or fascia for a polished look.
Apply decking sealant or protective stain.
Add stairs, lighting, and other accessories as desired.

Take your time with finish details – this protects your investment and makes the deck shine!

Maintaining Your Deck

With proper care and maintenance, your DIY deck can look great and last for decades. Be sure to:

Re-seal or re-stain your deck every 1-2 years.
Inspect for damage, loose hardware, cracking, or rot annually.
Keep the deck surface free of debris and leaves to prevent mold growth.
Avoid excess moisture – dry wet boards, fix dripping gutters, etc.

Your deck will provide years of good service with regular upkeep. Time to relax and enjoy your handcrafted outdoor oasis!

FAQs

What size deck do I need for a hot tub?

For a typical 4-6 person hot tub, allot a space of at least 8×8 feet, ideally 10×10 feet or larger. This provides ample room for the tub itself plus access on all sides.

How deep should poured footings be for a deck?

Deck footing depths vary by building code, but are often 3-4 feet deep to place footings below the frost line. Always check local requirements.

Should deck joists be spaced 12″ or 16″ on center?

Most residential deck joist spacing is either 12″ or 16″ on center. 12″ spacing provides extra strength while 16″ spacing uses fewer joists and is usually sufficient for standard deck loads.

What is the maximum deck height without a railing?

By residential building code in most areas, any deck surface higher than 30 inches above grade requires a guardrail or railing for safety.

How far apart should decking boards be spaced?

It is recommended to space deck boards approximately 1/4″ apart to allow for drainage and expansion. Plastic spacing clips, grooved boards, or hidden fasteners help keep consistent 1/4″ deck board spacing.

How much does it cost to build a 10×12 deck?

A basic 10×12 foot wood deck typically costs $1,200-$4,000 in DIY materials. With professional installation, expect to pay $6,000-$15,000 depending on materials and local labor costs.

Should deck posts be sunk in concrete or attached to footings?

Deck posts should be anchored using notched metal post anchors sunk into concrete footings. This provides maximum stability and uplift resistance compared to simply inserting posts into concrete.

What size lag bolts are used for deck ledgers?

1/2″ diameter lag bolts are commonly used to attach deck ledgers to the house. Confirm required lag bolt size for your specific deck plans based on ledger size and local building code.

How far apart do deck posts need to be?

Deck post spacing is typically 6 to 8 feet apart depending on the beam size. However, confirm deck post spacing with your specific framing plans to meet structural requirements.

Do deck blocks need to be set in concrete?

Deck blocks provide minimal structural stability on their own. It is highly recommended to embed deck blocks in concrete footings per local building codes for safety and longevity.

How much space is needed between deck boards?

It is recommended to space decking boards about 1/4″ apart. This allowance for drainage and expansion helps prevent warping, buckling, and other long-term issues.

Conclusion

Building your own deck from scratch is a fulfilling DIY project that adds beauty and function to your outdoor space. With proper planning, high-quality materials, and attention to detail, you can create a gorgeous and long-lasting deck tailored to your needs. Be sure to obtain permits, follow codes, and use structural best practices for safety. Invest time in precise layout, durable decking, and finishing touches that complete the look. Your new deck will then provide an ideal spot to relax, entertain, and enjoy the outdoors for years to come. With this comprehensive guide, you now have the information needed to successfully tackle a deck building project from start to finish.

The Complete Guide to Building a Deck From Scratch